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Architecture

One operating system, from the edge to the cloud.

AquaWatt DC OS is a resource operating system for AI data centers. It spans five layers — from the physical equipment on the floor to a governed control plane that verifies every action against the real world.

01Physical infrastructure

Facility Systems

The equipment and building systems that keep an AI data center running.

Building management (BMS)DCIMSCADAPower & energy metersCooling equipmentWater systemsServersGPU clusters
02Secure on-site gateway

AquaWatt Edge

An on-premise layer that connects to equipment, buffers data locally, and enforces safety policies close to the machines.

BACnetModbusOPC-UASNMPMQTTRedfishRESTLocal bufferingLocal safety policies
03Prediction & optimization

Data & Intelligence Cloud

A cloud data plane that turns streaming telemetry into forecasts, digital twins, and multi-objective optimization.

Streaming telemetryTime-series dataAI forecastingAnomaly detectionDigital twinsMulti-objective optimizationMeasurement & verification (M&V)
04How operators work

Application Layer

The workspaces operators, engineers, and sustainability teams use every day.

Command centerEngineering workspaceSustainabilityWorkloadsAI copilotReporting
05Governed autonomy

Control & Verification

Every recommended action is validated, approved, applied, and then checked against the real-world outcome.

Operator approvalsPolicy validationRollbackImmutable audit trailVerified outcome

Speaks the language of your facility.

The AquaWatt Edge connects to existing building and IT systems through the protocols your equipment already uses — no rip-and-replace required.

BACnetModbusOPC-UASNMPMQTTRedfishRESTSNMP Traps

From a sensor reading to a verified outcome.

Data flows outbound from the edge to the cloud for intelligence, but control always returns through a governed path: nothing changes on the floor without policy checks and an operator’s approval, and safety-critical logic stays local.

1Data center equipment
2AquaWatt Edge gateway
3Secure cloud data plane
4Prediction engine
5Digital twin
6Optimization engine
7Policy engine
8Operator approval
9Edge validation
10Equipment action
11Outcome verification

See the architecture applied to your facility.

Walk through how AquaWatt DC OS would connect to your systems and where it can create measurable value.

Data ingestion and integration

It has to read your facility before it can improve it.

A secure edge gateway collects data from on-premises equipment and connects the systems that already run your site. Nothing is inferred from a single source, and no stream influences a recommendation until it passes quality checks.

Supported protocols

Targeted protocol support for the edge gateway.

BACnetModbus TCPOPC-UASNMPMQTTRedfishREST APIsWebhooksSecure file transferStructured batch uploads

Building management systems

Facility-side conditions and cooling behaviour ingested from the BMS.

Cooling plant stateZone conditionsSetpointsEquipment alarms

DCIM systems

Inventory, capacity, environmental and power data from the DCIM layer.

Asset inventoryRack capacityEnvironmental dataPower distribution

Server and accelerator telemetry

Device-level signals that tie compute demand to power and heat.

CPU utilizationGPU utilizationMemory utilizationDevice temperaturePower drawFan stateHardware alarmsWorkload assignment

Workload platforms

Scheduling context so compute placement can be reasoned about, not guessed.

KubernetesSlurmCloud workload managersBatch-processing platformsML orchestration systems

Utility and grid data

The external cost and carbon signals that make timing decisions matter.

Electricity tariffsDemand chargesGrid carbon intensityDemand-response eventsGrid-capacity restrictionsRenewable-generation forecasts

Weather

Current and forecast conditions that drive cooling and water demand.

Outdoor temperatureHumidityWet-bulb temperatureWindPrecipitationSevere-weather alerts

Water data

The water picture most platforms leave out entirely.

Water-meter readingsWater-source typeWater priceWater-quality indicatorsDrought statusDischarge volumesCooling-tower makeup waterBlowdown water

Trust the data before you trust the decision.

Data-quality monitoring

Every incoming stream is checked before it is allowed to influence a recommendation.

  • Missing signals
  • Frozen sensor values
  • Invalid units
  • Out-of-range readings
  • Duplicate data
  • Timestamp drift
  • Unexpected sampling changes

Unit normalization

Measurements are normalized into a common model while the original values and units are preserved, so nothing is silently rewritten.

Integration health

Operators see the state of every connection rather than discovering a dead feed after the fact.

  • Connection status
  • Latency
  • Last message time
  • Error history

Integration scope reflects planned platform capability. Specific vendor systems, protocol coverage and control integrations are confirmed per site during pilot discovery.

Digital twin

Try it on the model before you try it on the hall

A live facility is the worst possible place to test a hypothesis. The digital twin gives the platform — and your operators — somewhere safe to be wrong.

What the twin represents

Nine interacting layers of the facility, calibrated against measured performance rather than design specifications.

Power-distribution systemsComputing equipmentCooling equipmentWater systemsThermal zonesWorkload demandEnvironmental conditionsControl setpointsEquipment constraints

Simulate the question you are actually asking

Select a scenario to see the dimensions every simulation is scored against — the comparison is always multi-objective, never a single number.

Temperature-setpoint changes — evaluated across all eight dimensions below:

Electricity consumption
Water consumption
Cost
Carbon emissions
Thermal risk
SLA impact
Equipment wear
Capacity availability

Calibrated against reality

Models are tuned using measured facility performance, so the twin reflects how the building actually behaves rather than how it was specified to behave.

Uncertainty is disclosed

Every simulation states its confidence and its model limitations. A prediction presented without error bars is a guess wearing a suit.

Pre-action validation

Eligible automated actions are validated against the twin, or an approved surrogate safety model, before they are allowed to execute.

Describes planned digital-twin capabilities under development. The scenario selector above is an illustration of the simulation framework, not a live model of any facility.

AI and model governance

Not one model — a governed portfolio of them

Forecasting a chiller is not the same problem as attributing water to a workload or answering an operator’s question in plain English. AquaWatt DC OS runs a portfolio of specialised models, and every one of them is registered, monitored and reversible.

Model categories in the platform

Time-series forecastingAnomaly detectionEquipment-failure predictionThermal modelingEnergy-consumption modelingWater-consumption modelingWorkload-duration predictionResource-attribution modelsOptimization algorithmsReinforcement-learning candidates for validated control environmentsNatural-language retrieval and reasoning

Every production model is on the record

A model without provenance has no business influencing critical infrastructure. Each one carries a full record before it ships.

  • Model owner
  • Version
  • Training-data window
  • Approved use
  • Performance metrics
  • Validation record
  • Deployment date
  • Monitoring thresholds
  • Rollback version
  • Known limitations

Watched continuously, not at review time

Models degrade quietly as facilities change. These signals are tracked in production so degradation is caught by the platform rather than by an operator.

  • Prediction accuracy
  • Drift
  • Data-quality changes
  • Confidence calibration
  • False-positive rate
  • False-negative rate
  • Optimization outcome variance
  • Safety-policy violations
  • Business impact

Human oversight is structural

Models may propose actions. Execution authority belongs to customer policies and the AquaWatt safety layer — a separation that holds regardless of how confident a model is.

Learning from verified outcomes only

Forecasting and optimization improve using the measured results of real actions — and only after those outcomes have passed validation. Unverified results never become training signal.

Describes the AI and governance approach AquaWatt DC OS is being built to. Reinforcement-learning methods are treated as candidates for validated control environments only and are not part of the first release.